Spinoza, Panentheism, and Mystical Judaism This paper elucidates Spinoza's panentheism by situating it within its Jewish mystical and philosophical contexts, particularly drawing on Kabbalistic and Hasidic traditions. It argues that Spinoza's conception of God as an infinite substance encompassing and transcending the world resists reductive pantheistic interpretations. Instead, Spinoza presents a nuanced metaphysics where modes exist in God without exhausting divine essence,