Spinoza’s Hatchet and the Ethics of Objecthood “For the only perfection and the final purpose [...] of an instrument is to duly fulfil the duties that are assigned to them. For instance, when a carpenter finds himself best served by his hatchet in the construction of a piece of work, then has his hatchet attained its end and perfection; but if he were to think, ‘This hatchet has now served me so well that I will let it rest and not require any more service of it’, just

Money Is Everything No, I don’t wish to talk about money. In no way does it interest me. I seek an infinite leap beyond money. Even with my good eye I am blind to it. How awful for a soul reliant on the body for money. If something has value it is desired. Money has value because it is desired. Everything adds up to money. Money is conceived through itself. Its essence involves existence. Money is the index of everything that’s false. An artist can make many things But money

Is Spinoza’s Pantheistic Ontology a Template for Authoritarianism? OVERVIEW: ● The pantheist ontology of Baruch Spinoza (b.1632 – d.1677) is an attempt to deny the accountability of political evil. ● Spinoza’s instinct for statist control and his distrust of the common man are displayed in Theological-Political Treatise (published 1670). His masterwork, Ethics (published posthumously in 1677), is a bold attempt (in the guise of ontology) to classify minds and bodies as attrib

Spinoza, Panentheism, and Mystical Judaism This paper elucidates Spinoza's panentheism by situating it within its Jewish mystical and philosophical contexts, particularly drawing on Kabbalistic and Hasidic traditions. It argues that Spinoza's conception of God as an infinite substance encompassing and transcending the world resists reductive pantheistic interpretations. Instead, Spinoza presents a nuanced metaphysics where modes exist in God without exhausting divine essence,